Waikawa acetice mohiotia ana ko ACOH, i whakaingoatia i muri i te whakaurunga matua o te winika, a ko tetahi o nga waikawa ngako tino nui.Ko te ahua o te kore utu kei roto i nga tipu maha.Ngota ngota CH3COOH.Ko te mahi pia me te whakamahi i te winika he hitori mo nga mano tau.I Haina tawhito, i tuhia ki te winika.Engari ko te waikawa ahetiki kukū he pukapuka matū angitu i hangaia e Stahl i te tau 1700. Ko te waikawa ahetiki parakore he wai kore tae, he reka whakapouri.Ko te ira whakarewa he 16.6 ° C, ko te 117.9 ° C te ira koropuke, me te kiato whanaunga ko 1.049 (20/4 ° C).Wairewa ki te wai, waiwaro, glycerin, ether me te waro pūhaumāota;korekore ki te waro.Ko nga kirikiti wai-kore ka whakahiatotia ki te ahua tio, e mohiotia ana ko te waikawa ahetiki huka.Haehae.He waikawa ngoikore, he waikawa waro hoki, he waikawa o te waikawa, a ka taea e koe te whakaputa i nga tauhohenga esterization ki te waipiro.
Āhuatanga matū:Waikawa aceticKo te (AcOH) he waikawa warokore-ngoikore.Kei a ia nga ahuatanga o te waikawa carboxylic.Ka tauhohe ki etahi konganuku, waikura me te waikura hei hanga tote.He nui nga whakamahinga o nga waikawa ahetiki.Ko te acetate ferric taketake [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] me te [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] me te acetate mata i whakamahia hei mordant, ka whakamahia te acetate ferrous mo te ta.Ko te waikawa acetic me te waipiro i whakamaarama.Ka taea hoki te whakakaha me te hauwai haunga i raro i te mahi a te whakakōkī.Ka taea te whakakapi i te Alpha-hydrogen e te haurua;Me te formaldehyde i raro i te mahi a te whakakorikori, ki roto i te pukapuka Chemicalbook o te whakapohatanga aldehyde waipiro;Ina whakahaehaehia te waikawa nitric i roto i te waikawa ahetiki, ka taea te whakapai ake i te tere o te nitric.Ko te tauhohenga ki te benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride me te waikawa benzoic ka taea te hanga.Ka taea te whakamahi i te waikawa acetic ki te whakaputa i nga momo pärönaki nui, penei i te methyl acetate, te ethyl ester, te propyl ester, te butyl ester, me etahi atu, he whakarewa pai i roto i te ahumahi whakakikorua me te peita.Ko te acetate Cellulose, i hangaia e te taunekeneke o te anhydride acetic me te cellulose, ka taea te whakamahi ki te hanga kiriata, peita peita me nga momo kirihou.Ka taea te hanga Carboxymethyl cellulose e te waikawa chloroacetic.Ko te vinyl acetate i hangaia e te waikawa acetic me te acetylene he rauemi mata nui mo te whakahiato o nga raau taero, nga tae me nga mea kakara, me te whakarewa nui mo te maimoatanga rapa.Ka whai wāhi nui te waikawa acetic ki te hanga ahumahi me te whakahiato waro.
Mara tono
Te whakamahi ahumahi
1. Waikawa acetiche hua matū nui, a, ko tetahi o nga waikawa waro tino nui.Ka whakamahia te nuinga ki te whakaputa ethidine, ethyls me te ethyl acetate.Ko te polyetate ethyl ester ka taea te hanga ki te kiriata me te whakapiri, a he rauemi mata ano hoki mo te muka waihanga Velun.Ka taea e te Ethyl acetic acid cellulose te hanga hiraka me nga kiriata kiriata.
2. Ko te ethyl acetate i hangaia e te waipiro iti-kore he whakarewa pai, he nui te whakamahi i roto i te ahumahi peita.Na te mea ko te nuinga o nga mea waro e memeha ana i te waikawa acetic, ka whakamahia hoki te waikawa acetic i nga whakarewa waro (hei tauira, mo te hanga o te waikawa waikawa waikawa waikawa waikawa waikawa phenyl).
3. Ka taea te whakamahi i te waikawa acetic i roto i etahi wairewa î me te orohia, hei parepare (pēnei i te galvanizing me te whakakikorua nickel matū) i roto i te otinga waikawa ngoikore, me te taapiri i nga taapiri i roto i te hemuminal kanapa nickel -plated electrolyte, me te passivation o te zinc me te cadmium. ka taea e te otinga te whakapai ake i te kaha here o te kiriata passivation me te whakamahia ki te whakahaere i te pH o te whakakikorua waikawa ngoikore.
4. Ka whakamahia ki te whakaputa i te tote whakarewa, penei i te konupora, te konutai, te mata, te konumohe, te zinc, te cobalt me etahi atu konganuku, e whakamahia nuitia ana hei whakakorikori, te tae papanga me te hiako hiako.Ko te matawai waikawa Fouritic he reagent waihanga waro (pērā i te mata waikawa tetraitic ka taea te whakamahi hei hāora kaha, he puna o te hāora acetyl, me te whakarite pūhui mata waro, me ētahi atu).
5. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te waikawa acetic hei reagents tātari, te whakahiato waro, te whakangao me te rongoa rongoa.
Te whakamahi kai
I roto i te ahumahi kai,waikawa ahetikika whakamahia hei kaihoko waikawa.I te wa e whakamahia ana te hinu kakara me nga mea kakara ki te hanga winika waihanga, ka whakahekehia te waikawa acetic ki te 4-5%, ka taapirihia nga momo momo reka.He iti.Ka rite ki te kaikawe waikawa-reka, ka taea te whakamahi mo nga mea kakara.Kua rite ki te whakamahi i te winika, te kene, te tiēre me te tiihi.Ka taea hoki e koe te tito i nga mea kakara ki te 0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.
Te rokiroki me te kawe
Whakatupatotanga mo te rokiroki: Rokiroki i roto i te whare putunga hauhautanga, whai hau.Kia matara atu i te ahi me te wera.I te takurua, me pupuri te pāmahana rokiroki ki runga ake i te 16 ℃ kia kore ai e pakari.Kia hiritia te ipu.Me penapena motuhake mai i te waikura me te kawakore, kaua hoki e konatunatua.Ka whakamahia nga rama rama me nga whakaurunga hau.Kaua e whakamahi i nga taputapu miihini me nga taputapu e pai ana ki te pupuhi.Ko te waahi rokiroki me whakauru ki nga taputapu maimoatanga ohorere pakaru me nga taonga pupuri tika.
Whakatupato i nga waka: Ka tukuna tenei hua e nga waka taika konumohe e whakaratohia ana e nga umanga konumohe i te wa o te kawe tereina, me te whakaae ki nga tari e tika ana me panui i mua i te tuku.Ko nga waka tereina kaore i te kene ka mahia i runga i nga tikanga ki nga rarangi whakakai taonga morearea i roto i nga "Ture Kawenata Taonga Kino" o te Manatu Rerewei.Kia oti te tarapi, kia noho haumaru te uta.I te wa e kawe ana, me whakarite kia kore te ipu e turuturu, ka hinga, ka taka, ka pakaru ranei.Ko te waka (tank) waka e whakamahia ana ki te kawe waka me whai mekameka whenua, ka taea te whakarite i tetahi wehenga poka ki roto i te waka hei whakaiti i te hiko pateko i puta mai i te ru.Ka tino rahuitia te uru ki nga matū oxidant, alkali me nga matū kai.Me whai nga waka rori i te huarahi kua whakaritea, kaua e noho ki nga waahi noho me nga waahi nui.
Te wa tuku: Maehe-23-2023