Waikawa acetice mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ACOH, i tapaina i muri i te mea ko ia te wāhanga matua o te winika, ā, ko tētahi o ngā waikawa ngako tino nui. Ko te āhua o te winika kore utu kei roto i te nuinga o ngā tipu. Ngā ngota CH3COOH. Ko te hanga me te whakamahinga o te winika he mano tau te hītori. I Haina tawhito, i tuhia ki roto i te winika. Engari ko te waikawa acetic kukū he pukapuka matū angitu i whakawhanakehia e Stahl i te tau 1700. Ko te waikawa acetic parakore he wai kore tae, ā, he reka whakarihariha. Ko te ira rewa he 16.6 ° C, ko te ira kohua he 117.9 ° C, ā, ko te mātotoru whanaunga he 1.049 (20/4 ° C). Ka wairewa ki te wai, te etanoru, te glycerin, te ether me te waro pūhaumāota; kāore e wairewa ki te warowaiha. Ko ngā kirikiti wai kore-wai ka whakapūmautia hei āhua hukapapa, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te waikawa acetic hukapapa. Ka waikura. He waikawa ngoikore, he waikawa waro, he waikawa o te waikawa, ā, ka taea te whakaputa tauhohenga esterization me te waipiro.
Ngā āhuatanga matū:Waikawa aceticKo te (AcOH) he waikawa carboxylic ngoikore-kotahi. He rite ōna āhuatanga ki ngā waikawa carboxylic. Ka tauhohe ki ētahi konganuku, ki ngā waikura konganuku me ngā hauwaiwai hei hanga tote. He maha ngā waikawa acetic he whakamahinga nui. I whakamahia te acetate ferric taketake [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] me te [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] me te acetate mata hei mordant, ā, i whakamahia te acetate ferrous mō te tā. I whakaesterified te waikawa acetic me te waipiro. Ka taea hoki te whakahaere i te esterification me te hauwaiwai kore-mākū i raro i te mahi a te whakakorikori. Ka taea te whakakapi i te hauwai-alpha ki ngā halogens; me te formaldehyde i raro i te mahi a te whakakorikori, ki roto i te raina Chemicalbook o te whakapūtanga aldehyde waipiro; Ina whakanitarihia te waikawa hauota ki roto i te waikawa acetic, ka taea te whakapai ake i te tere nitrating. Ka taea te hanga i te tauhohe ki te benzoyl chloride, te acetyl chloride me te waikawa benzoic. Ka taea te whakamahi i te waikawa acetic hei whakaputa i ngā momo matū whai hua, pērā i te methyl acetate, te ethyl ester, te propyl ester, te butyl ester, me ētahi atu, he whakarewa pai rawa atu i roto i te umanga paninga me te peita. Ko te cellulose acetate, i hangaia mā te taunekeneke o te acetic anhydride me te cellulose, ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga kiriata, peita rehu me ngā momo kirihou. Ka taea te whakarite i te carboxymethyl cellulose mā te waikawa chloroacetic. Ko te vinyl acetate i hangaia e te waikawa acetic me te acetylene he rauemi mata nui mō te hanga rongoā, tae me ngā mea kakara, me te whakarewa nui hoki mō te maimoatanga rapa. He mahi nui te waikawa acetic i roto i te hanga ahumahi me te hanga rauropi.
Mara tono
Te whakamahinga ahumahi
1. Waikawa aceticHe hua matū nui tēnei, ā, ko tētahi o ngā waikawa waro tino nui. E whakamahia ana hei hanga i te ethidine, te ethyls me te ethyl acetate. Ka taea te hanga i te polyetate ethyl ester hei kiriata me te piripiri, ā, he rauemi mata hoki mō te muka hangai Velun. Ka taea e te cellulose waikawa ethyl acetic te hanga i te hiraka horihori me ngā kiriata horihori.
2. He whakarewa pai rawa atu te etilasetāte i hangaia e te waipiro iti-kounga, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga peita. Nā te mea ko te nuinga o ngā mea waro e whakarewa ana i te waikawa aketiki, he mea whakamahi whānuitia hoki te waikawa aketiki hei whakarewa waro (hei tauira, mō te hanga waikawa phenyl waikawa).
3. Ka taea te whakamahi i te waikawa acetic i roto i ētahi otinga kua whakamākūkūtia, kua orohia hoki, hei ārai (pēnei i te whakapūmau me te whakakikorua matū nikara) i roto i te otinga waikawa ngoikore, me te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa ki roto i te electrolyte whakakikoruatia ki te nikara kanapa hemuminal, me te whakakore i te konutea me te cadmium. Ka taea e te otinga te whakapai ake i te kaha here o te kiriata whakakore, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei whakahaere i te pH o te whakakikorua waikawa ngoikore.
4. E whakamahia ana hei whakaputa tote whakarewa, pērā i te konupūmā, te konutai, te mata, te konumohe, te konutea, te konutea me ētahi atu whakarewa, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakakorikori, hei tae kakahu me te ahumahi whakahinuhinu hiako. Ko te mata waikawa fouritic he matū hanga waro (pērā i te mata waikawa tetraitic ka taea te whakamahi hei waikura kaha, hei puna o te hāora acetyl, me te whakarite i ngā matū mata waro, me ētahi atu).
5. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te waikawa acetic hei matū tātari, hei hanga matū waro, hei hanga tae me te hanga rongoā.
Te whakamahinga kai
I roto i te umanga kai,waikawa aceticka whakamahia hei matū waikawa. Ina whakamahia te matū kakara me te mea kakara hei hanga winika hangai, ka whakaranua te waikawa acetic ki te 4-5%, ā, ka tāpirihia he momo kakara. He iti te utu. Hei matū kakara waikawa, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā mea kakara whakakotahi. Ka rite ki te whakamahi i te winika, ngā kēne, te tiēre me te tiihi. Ka taea hoki e koe te tito i ngā matū kakara me te 0.1 ~ 0.3 g/kg.
Te rokiroki me te kawe waka
Ngā Whakatūpato Rokiroki: Rokirokihia ki roto i tētahi whare putunga hauhautanga, hauhautanga. Puritia kia matara atu i te ahi me te wera. I te takurua, me pupuri te pāmahana rokiroki ki runga ake i te 16℃ hei ārai i te whakapakeketanga. Kia hiritia te ipu. Me rongoa motuhake mai i te waikura me te kawakore, kaua hoki e whakaranua. Kua whakamahia ngā rama me ngā whakaurunga hauhautanga ātete-pahū. Kaua e whakamahia ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu miihini e ngāwari ana ki te mura. Me whai taputapu rongoā ohorere turuturu me ngā rauemi pupuri e tika ana te wāhi rokiroki.
Ngā Whakatūpato mō te Kawe: Ka tukuna tēnei hua mā roto i ngā waka tāke konumohe i whakaratohia e ngā umanga konumohe i te wā e kawe ana i te rerewē, ā, me ripoata te whakaaetanga a ngā tari e tika ana i mua i te tukunga. Ko te kawe rerewē kāore i roto i te kēne me whakahaere kia rite tonu ki te rārangi tākai taonga kino i roto i ngā "Ture Kawe Taonga Kino" a te Manatū Rerewe. Me oti te tākai, ā, me haumaru te uta. I te wā e kawe ana, me whakarite kia kore te ipu e turuturu, e hinga, e hinga, e pakaru rānei. Me whai mekameka whenua te waka tāke (tāke) e whakamahia ana i te kawe, ā, ka taea te whakarite i tētahi kōhao wehewehe i roto i te waka hei whakaiti i te hiko pateko e puta mai ana i te ru. Kāore e whakaaetia kia whakaranua ki ngā matū waikura, kawakore me ngā matū kai. Me whai te kawe rori i te huarahi kua whakaritea, kaua e noho ki ngā wāhi noho me ngā wāhi taupori kikī.
Wā tuku: Maehe-23-2023