Ko te whakakaha ake i ngā ture taiao o te ao kei te huri i te āhua o te umanga perchloroethylene (PCE). Ko ngā ture i roto i ngā mākete nui tae atu ki Haina, te US, me te EU kei te whakamahi i te mana whakahaere mekameka katoa e kapi ana i te whakaputanga, te tono, me te whakakorenga, e akiaki ana i te umanga i roto i ngā huringa nui o te whakaritenga utu, te whakapai ake hangarau, me te wehewehe mākete.
Kua whakatūria he wātaka here mārama i te taumata kaupapa here. I whakaputa te Tari Tiaki Taiao o Amerika (EPA) i tētahi ture whakamutunga i te mutunga o te tau 2024, e whakahau ana kia aukati katoatia te whakamahinga o te PCE i roto i te horoi maroke i muri i te Hakihea 2034. Ka whakakorea ngā taputapu horoi maroke tawhito o te whakatupuranga tuatoru mai i te tau 2027, ā, ko te NASA anake e pupuri ana i tētahi whakawāteatanga mō ngā tono ohorere. Kua whakahoutia ngātahitia ngā kaupapa here ā-rohe: kua whakarōpūtia te PCE hei para morearea (HW41), me te kukū toharite o roto i te 8-hāora e herea ana ki te 0.12mg/m³. Tekau mā rima ngā tāone matua tae atu ki a Beijing me Shanghai ka whakatinana i ngā paerewa VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) kaha ake i te tau 2025, me te hiahia kia ≤50ppm te ihirangi hua.
Kua piki ake ngā utu mō te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga a ngā umanga nā ngā kaupapa here. Me whakakapi e ngā kaihoroi maroke ngā taputapu tuwhera, me te utu whakahou kotahi toa mai i te 50,000 ki te 100,000 yuan; ko ngā pakihi kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ka whiua ki ngā whiu o te 200,000 yuan me ngā mōrearea kati. Me tāuta e ngā umanga whakaputa ngā taputapu aroturuki VOC wā-tūturu, me te haumi kotahi e neke atu ana i te 1 miriona yuan, ā, ko ngā utu tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao inaianei neke atu i te 15% o ngā utu katoa. Kua piki haere ngā utu whakakore para: ko te utu whakakore mō te PCE kua pau ka eke ki te 8,000 ki te 12,000 yuan ia tana, 5-8 ngā wā teitei ake i te para noa. Kua whakatinanahia e ngā pokapū whakaputa pēnei i a Shandong he utu tāpiri mō te hiko mō ngā umanga kāore e tutuki i ngā paerewa whai hua pūngao.
Kei te tere ake te rerekētanga o te hanganga ahumahi, ā, ko te whakapai ake i te hangarau ka noho hei mea nui mō te oranga tonutanga. I te taha whakaputa, kua piki ake te parakore o te hua e ngā hangarau pēnei i te wehenga kiriuhi me te whakaterenga matatau ki te neke atu i te 99.9% me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao mā te 30%. He 12-15 ōrau teitei ake te hua o ngā umanga ārahi hangarau i ngā hoa mahi tuku iho. Kei te whakaatuhia e te rāngai tono he ia o te "pupuri-mutunga-teitei, putanga-mutunga-iti": 38% o ngā toa horoi maroke iti me te rahi kua wehe atu nā te pēhanga utu, ko ngā waitohu mekameka pēnei i a Weishi kua whiwhi painga mā roto i ngā pūnaha whakaora whakauru. I taua wā, ko ngā mara teitei pēnei i te hanga hikohiko me ngā electrolytes pūngao hou e pupuri ana i te 30% o te wahanga mākete nā runga i ngā whakaritenga mahi.
Kei te tere haere te hokohoko o ngā hangarau rerekē, ā, kei te pēhi haere i te mākete tuku iho. Ko ngā whakarewa hauwaiwaro, me ngā utu whakahoutanga taurite o te 50,000 ki te 80,000 yuan, kua eke ki te 25% o te mākete i te tau 2025, ā, kua āhei ki te whiwhi i te 20-30% o ngā tautoko a te kāwanatanga. Ahakoa te nui o te haumi taputapu o te 800,000 yuan ia waeine, kua kite te horoi maroke wai CO₂ i te tipu o te urunga ā-tau o te 25% nā ngā painga kore-parahanga. Ka whakaitihia e te hinu whakarewa taiao D30 ngā tukunga VOC mā te 75% i roto i te horoi ahumahi, me te tauine mākete neke atu i te 5 piriona yuan i te tau 2025.
Kei te whakarerekē ngātahi te rahi o te mākete me te hanganga hokohoko. Ka heke te tono PCE ā-rohe mā te 8-12% ia tau, ā, e matapaetia ana ka heke te utu toharite ki te 4,000 yuan ia tana i te tau 2025. Heoi, kua whakakorengia e ngā umanga ngā āputa ā-rohe mā roto i ngā kaweake ki ngā whenua Belt and Road, me te pikinga o te rahinga kaweake mā te 91.32% i ia tau i waenga i a Hanuere-Mei 2025. Kei te neke haere ngā kawemai ki ngā hua utu nui: i te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2025, ko te tipu o te uara kawemai (31.35%) he nui ake i te tipu o te rahinga (11.11%), ā, neke atu i te 99% o ngā hua hiko kounga teitei kei te whakawhirinaki tonu ki ngā kawemai mai i Tiamana.
I roto i te wā poto, ka kaha ake te whakakotahitanga o ngā umanga; i roto i te wā waenga ki te wā roa, ka puta he tauira o te "kukū teitei me te huringa matomato". E matapaetia ana ka wehe atu te 30% o ngā toa horoi maroke iti me te rahi i te mutunga o te tau 2025, ā, ka whakaitihia te kaha whakaputa mai i te 350,000 tana ki te 250,000 tana. Ka arotahi ngā umanga matua ki ngā hua uara nui tāpiri pēnei i te PCE hiko-papa mā te whakapai ake i te hangarau, me te piki haere o te ōwehenga o te pakihi whakarewa matomato.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-11-2025