Ko te Methylene Chloride (MC), he whakarewa maha-whakamahinga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā rongoā, ngā piripiri, me ngā hanganga aerosol, kei te pāngia e ngā panonitanga nui i roto i ana tono ahumahi me te whenua ture. Ko ngā whanaketanga hou o te whai huatanga o te whakaputa, ngā tikanga haumaru taiao, me te rangahau whakarewa rerekē kei te huri i te tirohanga me te whakamahinga o tēnei matū puta noa i ngā mekameka tuku o te ao.
1. Ngā Huarahi Hou i roto i ngā Pūnaha Hangarua Porowhita-Katia
Kua rongonui te tikanga hou mō te whakaora me te whakamahi anō i te dichloromethane i roto i ngā tukanga hangahanga i te tau 2023. I whakawhanakehia e tētahi rōpū rangahau Pākehā, ka whakamahia e tēnei pūnaha porowhita-kati ngā hangarau mimiti matatau hei hopu me te pure i ngā kohu MC e tukuna ana i te wā hanga paninga. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau tuatahi i te tere whakaora 92%, e whakaiti nui ana i te whakamahinga rauemi mata me ngā tukunga.
Ka whakauruhia e te hangarau te aroturukitanga e whakahaerehia ana e te AI hei arotau i ngā huringa whakamahinga anō o te whakarewa, kia tutuki ai ngā herenga pānga ki te wāhi mahi. Kei te whakamātautauhia tēnei pūnaha e ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga polycarbonate me te horoi i ngā wāhanga hiko, e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga ōhanga porowhita 2030 a te Kaunihera o ngā Rōpū Matū o te Ao (ICCA).
2. Te Whakakaha i ngā Ture ā-Ao mō ngā Tukunga MC
Kei te kaha ake te tirotiro a ngā whakahaere ture i te Methylene Chloride nā te mea ka taea te whakaiti i te ozone (ODP) me ngā mōrearea hauora mahi. I te marama o Hepetema 2023, i whakaarohia e te European Chemical Agency (ECHA) he whakatikatika ki ngā ture REACH, e whakahau ana i te aroturuki tukunga wā-tūturu mō ngā whare e whakamahi ana i te neke atu i te 50 tana o te MC ia tau. E hiahiatia ana hoki e ngā ture he aromatawai whakakapinga mō ngā tono kore-tino nui i mua i te hauwhā tuarua o te tau 2024.
I taua wā anō, kua tīmatahia e te Tari Tiaki Taiao o Amerika (EPA) tētahi arotake o te tūnga o te MC i raro i te Ture Whakahaere Matū Paitini (TSCA), me ngā kitenga tuatahi e kī ana he kaha ake ngā here kukū hau i te wāhi mahi—tērā pea ka whakaheke i te paepae mai i te 25 ppm ki te 10 ppm. Ko te whāinga o ēnei mahi he aro atu ki ngā āwangawanga e piki haere ana mō ngā pānga roro roa i waenga i ngā kaimahi ahumahi.
3. Kei te whakamahi te rāngai rongoā i ngā huarahi kē atu matomato
Ko te umanga rongoā, he kaihoko nui o te Methylene Chloride mō te whakatiotanga me te tango i ngā rongoā, kei te whakateretere i ngā whakamātautau o ngā whakarewa koiora. I roto i tētahi rangahau arotake-ā-hoa i whakaputaina i roto i te *Green Chemistry* (Ākuhata 2023) i whakaatuhia ai ngā whakarewa i ahu mai i te limonene hei whakakapinga MC whai hua i roto i te hanga API (kai rongoā hohe), e tutuki ai ngā hua rite me ngā kōtaha paitini 80% iti iho.
Ahakoa kei te piki haere tonu te whakamahinga nā ngā wero o te pumau o te hanga, kei te tautokohia e ngā kaupapa ture i raro i te Ture Whakaiti Pikinga o Amerika ngā whare whakamātautau e arotahi ana ki te whakawhānui ake i ēnei huarahi kē atu. E matapaetia ana e ngā kaitātari ka heke te tono MC mai i ngā rongoā mā te 15–20% i te tau 2027 mēnā ka mau tonu ngā au o te R&D o nāianei.
4. Ngā Whakatairanga i roto i ngā Hangarau Whakaiti Mōrearea MC
Kei te whakaitihia e ngā mana whakahaere hangarau auaha ngā tūponotanga e pā ana ki te MC. Nō nā tata nei i huraina e tētahi rōpū rangahau o Amerika Te Raki tētahi pūnaha tātari e hangai ana ki te nanoparticle e wawahi ana i ngā toenga MC i roto i ngā awa wai para ki ngā hua taha kore-paitini pērā i ngā katote kōraira me te hauhā waro. Ko te tukanga whakaahua-whakakorikori, e whakahohehia ana e te mārama UV iti-pūngao, ka eke ki te 99.6% te pai o te pirau, ā, kei te whakauruhia ki roto i ngā whare maimoatanga wai para matū.
Hei tāpiritanga, ko ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE) o te whakatupuranga hou e whakaatu ana i ngā manawa whakakaha-graphene kua whakaatu i te 98% o te whai huatanga ki te aukati i ngā kohu MC i ngā mahi e kitea nuitia ana pērā i te tango peita. E hangai ana ēnei whanaketanga ki ngā aratohu OSHA hou e whakanui ana i ngā mana whakahaere whakaaturanga taumata mō ngā kaiwhakahaere MC.
5. Ngā Huringa Mākete e Ārahihia ana e te Oranga Tonutanga
Ahakoa tōna tūranga pumau, kei te pāngia a Methylene Chloride e te pēhanga nui mai i ngā paearu haumi ESG (taiao, pāpori, whakahaere). I whakaatuhia e tētahi rangahau i te tau 2023 e tētahi kaitātari ahumahi matū matua, e 68% o ngā kaihanga o raro iho e whakatairanga ana i ngā kaiwhakarato me ngā mahere whakaiti tukunga MC kua manatokohia. Kei te akiakihia e tēnei ia te auahatanga i roto i ngā hanganga whakaora whakarewa me ngā tikanga whakaputa ranu koiora.
He mea nui te kite, kua angitu te hanga o tētahi kaupapa whakamātautau i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia i te MC mā te whakamahi i te whakakōroiroitanga methane e whakakahangia ana e te pūngao hou, ā, kua tapahia te tapuwae waro o te whakaputanga mā te 40%. Ahakoa kei te mau tonu ngā wero tauine, e whakaatu ana ēnei kaupapa i te aronga o te rāngai matū ki ngā rauropi whakarewa kua tangohia te waro.
Whakamutunga: Te Whakataurite i te Whaihua me te Kawenga
I te mea he mea nui tonu te Methylene Chloride mō ngā tono nui, kei te kaha haere te arotahi a te umanga ki te auahatanga pumau me te tutuki i ngā ture. Ko te mahi tahi o ngā pūnaha whakaora hou, ngā huarahi haumaru ake, me ngā kaupapa here e whanake haere ana ka tautuhi i te tūranga o MC i roto i te heke mai iti-waro. Me whakatere e ngā kaipupuri hea puta noa i te mekameka uara tēnei wāhanga whakarerekētanga—te wāhi e hono ai te whai huatanga o te mahi me te tiaki taiao—kia mau ai te oranga mō te wā roa.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-07-2025