Ngā mea nui
● Ka whakaahuahia te rheology o ngā ranunga surfactant rua kore-whanariki mā te whakamātautau.
● Ka tirotirohia ngā pānga o te pH, te hanganga me te kukū ionic.
● Mā te ōwehenga papatipu matū horoi CAPB:SMCT o te 1:0.5 ka hanga te matotoru kutikuti mōrahi.
● Me nui te kukū o te tote kia eke ai ki te matotoru kutikuti mōrahi.
● He hononga kaha te roa o te āhua micellar i kitea mai i te DWS ki te matotoru kutikuti.
Whakarāpopototanga
I roto i te whai i ngā papaaho surfactant kore-sulfate o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, ko tēnei mahi o nāianei tetahi o ngā rangahau rheological pūnaha tuatahi o ngā ranunga wai Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB)-Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate (SMCT) puta noa i ngā hanganga rerekē, pH, me te kaha ionic. I whakaritea ngā otinga wai CAPB-SMCT (te kukū surfactant hohe katoa o te 8–12 wt. %) i ngā ōwehenga taumaha surfactant maha, i whakatikatikaina ki ngā pH 4.5 me te 5.5, ā, i titrated ki te NaCl. Nā ngā inenga kutikuti pumau me te oscillatory i ine te matotoru kutikuti macroscopic, i te mea i whakaratohia e te microrheology diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) ngā moduli viscoelastic kua whakatauhia te auau me ngā tauine roa micellar āhuatanga. I raro i ngā āhuatanga kore-tote, i whakaatuhia e ngā whakatakotoranga te rheology Newtonian me ngā matotoru kutikuti mōrahi i te ōwehenga taumaha CAPB:SMCT o te 1:0.5, e tohu ana i te hononga upoko cationic-anionic kua whakarei ake. Mā te whakaheke i te pH mai i te 5.5 ki te 4.5 i nui ake te utu pai kupenga ki runga i te CAPB, ā, nā reira i whakanui ake i te matatini hiko me te SMCT anionic katoa, ā, i whakaputa ake i ngā whatunga micellar pakari ake. Nā te tāpiri tote pūnaha i whakarerekē ngā whakahē a te rōpū upoko-rōpū upoko, i akiaki i te whanaketanga āhua mai i ngā micelles motuhake ki ngā whakahiato roa, rite ki te kutukutu. I whakaatuhia e ngā matotoru kore-kutikuti te taumata teitei i ngā ōwehenga tote-ki-surfactant nui (R), e whakaatu ana i te taurite uaua i waenga i te tirotiro paparanga-rua hiko me te roa o te micellar. I tautokohia e te microrheology DWS ēnei kitenga makroskopi, i hurahia ngā spectra Maxwellian motuhake i te R ≥ 1, e rite ana ki ngā tikanga whakakotahitanga pakaru-whakahou e whakahaerehia ana e te reptation. He mea nui, ko te roa o te hononga me te pumau i noho tonu me te kaha ionic, i te mea ko te roa o te contour i whakaatu i ngā hononga kaha me te matotoru kore-kutikuti. E whakanui ana ēnei kitenga i te tūranga nui o te whakaroa micellar me te mahi tahi thermodynamic i roto i te whakahaere i te viscoelasticity wai, e whakarato ana i tētahi anga mō te hanga i ngā surfactants kore-sulfate mahi teitei mā te whakahaere tika i te kiato utu, te hanganga, me ngā āhuatanga ionic.
Whakarāpopototanga Whakairoiro
Kupu Whakataki
Ko ngā pūnaha surfactant rua wai kei roto ko ngā momo rerekē te utu e whakamahia whānuitia ana puta noa i ngā rāngai ahumahi maha, tae atu ki ngā whakapaipai, ngā rongoā, ngā matū ahuwhenua, me ngā ahumahi tukatuka kai. Ko te whakamahinga whānui o ēnei pūnaha e pā ana ki ō rātou mahi atanga me te rheological pai rawa atu, e āhei ai te whakapai ake i te mahi i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga kanorau. Ko te huihuinga-ā-ringa o aua surfactants ki roto i ngā whakakotahitanga rite ki te kutukutu, e whakawhiwhi ana i ngā āhuatanga makroskopi tino ngāwari ki te whakarerekē, tae atu ki te pikinga o te viscoelasticity me te whakaiti i te taumahatanga atanga. Ina koa, ko ngā huinga o ngā surfactants anionic me zwitterionic e whakaatu ana i ngā whakarei ake i te mahi mata, te matotoru, me te whakarerekētanga taumahatanga atanga. Ka puta mai ēnei whanonga i ngā taunekeneke hiko me te steric kua kaha ake i waenga i ngā rōpū upoko polar me ngā hiku hydrophobic o ngā surfactants, he rerekē ki ngā pūnaha surfactant kotahi, i reira ka whakawhāitihia e ngā kaha hiko aukati te arotautanga mahi.
Ko te Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN+ (C)CC([O−])=O) he matū horoi amphoteric e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga whakapaipai nā te mea he ngawari te whai huatanga o te horoi me ngā āhuatanga whakangawari makawe. Mā te āhua zwitterionic o te CAPB ka taea te mahi tahi hiko me ngā matū horoi anionic, ka whakarei ake i te pumau o te pahuka me te whakatairanga i te mahi whakatakotoranga pai ake. I roto i ngā tekau tau e rima kua pahure ake nei, kua noho ko ngā ranunga CAPB me ngā matū horoi e ahu mai ana i te sulfate, pērā i te CAPB–sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), hei tūāpapa mō ngā hua tiaki whaiaro. Heoi, ahakoa te whai huatanga o ngā matū horoi e ahu mai ana i te sulfate, ko ngā āwangawanga mō tō rātou kaha ki te riri kiri me te noho mai o te 1,4-dioxane, he hua o te tukanga ethoxylation, kua akiaki i te hiahia ki ngā huarahi kē atu kāore he sulfate. Ko ngā kaitono whai hua ko ngā matū horoi e ahu mai ana i te waikawa amino, pērā i te taurates, te sarcosinates, me te glutamate, e whakaatu ana i te biocompatibility whakarei ake me ngā āhuatanga ngawari ake [9]. Ahakoa rā, he maha ngā wā ka āraihia te hanganga o ngā hanganga micellar tino piri nā te nui o ngā rōpū pane polar o ēnei momo rerekē, ā, me whakamahi ngā whakarerekētanga rheological.
Te konutai metil kokoirāte (SMCT; NGĀ MATAATA:
Ko te CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(=O)(=O)O[Na]) he matū horoi anionic i hangaia hei tote konutai mā te hononga amide o te N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) me te mekameka waikawa ngako i ahu mai i te kokonati. Kei te SMCT he rōpū matua taurine hono-amide me te rōpū sulfonate anionic kaha, ka pirau, ka hototahi ki te pH kiri, e whakanoho ana i a ia hei kaitono whai hua mō ngā hanganga kore-sulfate. Ko ngā matū horoi taurate e tohuhia ana e tō rātou kaha horoi, te ātete ki te wai mārō, te ngawari, me te pumau pH whānui.
He mea nui ngā tawhā rheological, tae atu ki te matotoru kutikuti, ngā moduli viscoelastic, me te ahotea hua, hei whakatau i te pumau, te kakano, me te mahi a ngā hua e hangai ana ki te surfactant. Hei tauira, ka taea e te matotoru kutikuti teitei te whakapai ake i te pupuri i te papa, ko te ahotea hua te whakahaere i te piri o te hanganga ki te kiri, ki te makawe rānei i muri i te tono. Ka whakarerekētia ēnei āhuatanga rheological makroskopiko e ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te kukū surfactant, te pH, te pāmahana, me te aroaro o ngā whakarewa-tahi, ngā tāpiringa rānei. Ka taea e ngā surfactants utu rerekē te whai i ngā whakawhiti hanganga moroiti rerekē, mai i ngā micelles porowhita me ngā vesicles ki ngā āhua tioata wai, e whai pānga nui ana ki te rheology papatipu. Ko ngā ranunga o ngā surfactants amphoteric me te anionic he maha ngā wā ka hanga i ngā micelles kutukutu roa (WLMs), e whakarei ake ana i ngā āhuatanga viscoelastic. Nō reira, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā whanaungatanga hanganga-moroiti hei arotau i te mahi a te hua.
He maha ngā rangahau whakamātautau kua rangahau i ngā pūnaha rua rite, pērā i te CAPB–SLES, hei whakamārama i te pūtake hanganga moroiti o ō rātou āhuatanga. Hei tauira, i hono a Mitrinova et al. [13] i te rahi o ngā micelle (radius hydrodynamic) ki te matotoru o te otinga i roto i ngā ranunga co-surfactant CAPB–SLES–medium-medal mā te whakamahi i te rheometry me te marara mārama hihiri (DLS). Mā te rheometry miihini ka mārama ki te whanaketanga hanganga moroiti o ēnei ranunga, ā, ka taea te whakanui ake mā te microrheology whatu mā te whakamahi i te spectroscopy ngaru horapa (DWS) e whakawhānui ana i te rohe auau urutau, e hopu ana i ngā hihiri wā-poto e pā ana ki ngā tukanga whakangā WLM. I roto i te microrheology DWS, ka aroturukihia te nekehanga tapawhā toharite o ngā probes colloidal kua whakauruhia i roto i te wā, ka taea ai te tango i ngā moduli viscoelastic raina o te reo huri noa mā te whanaungatanga whānui a Stokes–Einstein. He iti noa ngā rahinga tauira e hiahiatia ana e tēnei tikanga, nō reira he pai mō te ako i ngā wai matatini me te iti o te waatea o ngā rauemi, hei tauira, ngā whakatakotoranga e hangai ana ki te pūmua. Mā te tātari i ngā raraunga <Δr²(t)> puta noa i ngā whānuitanga auau whānui ka āwhina i te aromatawai i ngā tawhā micellar pēnei i te rahi o te mata, te roa o te hononga, te roa o te pumau, me te roa o te āhua. I whakaatu a Amin me ētahi atu ko ngā ranunga CAPB–SLES e rite ana ki ngā matapae mai i te ariā a Cates, e whakaatu ana i te pikinga nui o te matotoru me te tāpiri tote tae noa ki te kukū tote nui, i tua atu i tēnā ka heke tere te matotoru—he urupare noa i roto i ngā pūnaha WLM. I whakamahia e Xu rāua ko Amin te rheometry miihini me te DWS hei tirotiro i ngā ranunga SLES–CAPB–CCB, e whakaatu ana i te urupare rheological Maxwellian e tohu ana i te hanganga WLM kua honoa, i tautokona anō e ngā tawhā hanganga moroiti i puta mai i ngā inenga DWS. I runga i ēnei tikanga, ka whakauruhia e te rangahau o nāianei te rheometry miihini me te rheology moroiti DWS hei whakamārama me pēhea te whakahaere a ngā whakaritenga hanganga moroiti i te whanonga kutikuti o ngā ranunga CAPB–SMCT.
I te mea kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā kai horoi ngawari ake, ā, he pumau ake, kua kaha ake te tūhuratanga o ngā kai horoi anionic kore-sulfate ahakoa ngā wero o te hanganga. He maha ngā wā ka puta he rerekētanga o ngā hanganga ngota ngota o ngā pūnaha kore-sulfate, ka uaua ake ngā rautaki tuku iho mō te whakarei ake i te matotoru pēnei i te tote, te whakamātotoru polymeric rānei. Hei tauira, i tūhuratia e Yorke me ētahi atu ngā huarahi kore-sulfate mā te rangahau pūnaha i ngā āhuatanga huka me te rheological o ngā ranunga kai horoi rua me te toru e whakaatu ana i te alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), te alkyl polyglucoside (APG), me te lauryl hydroxysultaine. I whakaatuhia e te ōwehenga 1:1 o te AOS-sultaine te angiangi me ngā āhuatanga huka e rite ana ki te CAPB-SLES, e tohu ana i te hanganga WLM. I arotakehia e Rajput me ētahi atu [26] tētahi atu kai horoi anionic kore-sulfate, te sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCGLY), me ngā kai-surfactant kore-ionic (cocamide diethanolamine me te lauryl glucoside) mā te DLS, SANS, me te rheometry. Ahakoa i hangaia e SCGLY anake ngā micelles porowhita te nuinga, i taea ai e te tāpiritanga o te co-surfactant te hanga i ngā āhua micellar uaua ake, e taea ai te whakarerekētanga pH-driven.
Ahakoa ēnei whanaketanga, he iti noa ngā rangahau kua aro ki ngā āhuatanga rheological o ngā pūnaha kore-sulfate pumau e uru ana ki te CAPB me ngā taurate. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he whakakī i tēnei āputa mā te whakarato i tētahi o ngā āhuatanga rheological tuatahi o te pūnaha rua CAPB-SMCT. Mā te whakarerekē i te hanganga surfactant, te pH, me te kaha ionic, ka whakamāramahia e mātou ngā āhuatanga e whakahaere ana i te matotoru kutikuti me te viscoelasticity. Mā te whakamahi i te rheometry miihini me te microrheology DWS, ka inehia e mātou ngā whakaritenga hanganga moroiti e whai ana i te whanonga kutikuti o ngā ranunga CAPB-SMCT. Ka whakamāramahia e ēnei kitenga te taunekeneke i waenga i te pH, te ōwehenga CAPB-SMCT, me ngā taumata ionic i roto i te whakatairanga, te aukati rānei i te hanganga WLM, ā, mā reira ka tukuna he māramatanga mahi ki te whakarite i ngā kōtaha rheological o ngā hua surfactant pumau mō ngā tono ahumahi kanorau.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-05-2025