Hei tētahi o ngā matū waipiro taketake nui rawa atu o te ao, kei te haere tonu te whānui o te mākete etanoru. Ko te hiahia ngātahi mō te etanoru wahie, ngā whakarewa ahumahi, te patu huakita rongoā me ngā takawaenga matū e whakakaha ana i te tipu. I taua wā, ko te bioetanoru waro iti me te wahie rererangi tauwhiro (SAF) e hanga ana i ngā miro whanaketanga hou e whakahou ana i te hanga me te hokohoko o te ao. I eke te mākete etanoru o te ao ki te tata ki te USD 73.1 piriona i te tau 2025. Kei te whakamahi te United States i ngā kai witi, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana a Brazil ki te tō hei hanga i ngā turanga whakaputa nui e rua, me te kaha etanoru o US e eke ana ki te 15.8 piriona karani me Brazil 8.2 piriona karani. Ko Amerika te whenua e whakahaere ana i ngā mākete kaweake o te ao.
Kua whakarōpūtia te etanoru ki te momo wahie, te momo ahumahi me te momo rongoā. Ko te etanoru wahie te wāhanga nui rawa atu e whakamahia ana. Ko ngā kaupapa here whakaranu penehīni puta noa i ngā whenua e tautoko ana i te tono taumata turanga. Kei te ahu whakamua tonu te kaupapa whakaranu E20 a Īnia, e hanga ana i Āhia Moana-nui-a-Kiwa hei mākete tino tere te tipu me te tere tipu matū o te 3.5%. Whai muri i te mate urutā, ka mau tonu te hoko pumau mō te etanoru kounga rongoā i ngā rāngai patu huakita rongoā me te tiaki whaiaro. Ka mau tonu te tono pakari o te ao i te etanoru horoi parakore teitei. Haunga, ka mahi te etanoru hei takawaenga matū mō te hanga waikawa acetic, ngā esters acrylate me ētahi atu mea e pā ana ki tēnei, ka piki haere tonu te nui o te whakamahinga matū a te rāngai matū.
Ko te panonitanga nui rawa atu o te mākete i ahu mai i te ara waro iti. Ahakoa e pēhia ana e ngā waka hiko te kai wahie wāhanga o te etanoru, ka hangaia e te SAF ngā whai wāhitanga piki haere. Ka tere ake te hokohoko i ngā hangarau etanoru ki te wahie rererangi, me te maha o ngā ota hoko roa kua hainatia, e pau ana te kaha i whakaritea mō ngā wahie kawe. I ngā mākete o Ūropi me Amerika, ka mau te bioetanoru me ngā tohu whiwhinga waro i ngā utu nui. Ka kaha te kimi a ngā waitohu whakapaipai me ngā waitohu rongoā i te etanoru waro iti hei tapahi i ngā tapuwae waro o te mekameka tuku. Ko ngā hangarau CCS (hopu me te rokiroki waro) e whakamahia ana i ngā tipu etanoru ka whakarei ake i ngā tohu matomato hua.
Mai i te tirohanga tauhokohoko, ko Amerika ngā whenua matua e kawe ana i ngā taonga ki tāwāhi, ko Āhia Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, he rohe kaihoko nui, e kawemai ana i ngā rahinga nui o te etanoru ahumahi me te rongoā. Ko ngā utu witi te mea tika hei whakatau i ngā utu hanga etanoru; ko te nui o ngā kotinga kānga me te tō ka āwhina i te tuku, ko te whakahekenga o ngā hua hua ka piki ake ngā utu etanoru ki tāwāhi. Ko te rerekētanga o ngā utanga moana, te pupū o ngā tauranga me ngā kaupapa here utu kaweake kawemai ā-motu ka huri anō hoki i ngā utu whenua. Kei te whānui haere tonu te kaha o Āhia. Kei te whakapai ake a Haina me Īnia i ngā whakaurunga etanoru ahumahi hei whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ētahi kawemai kounga teitei, ahakoa kei te mau tonu te tono mō te etanoru kounga rongoā kounga teitei kawemai.
E rua ngā wero e pā ana ki te umanga. Kei raro te etanoru i ngā huringa utu o ngā rauemi mata ahuwhenua huri noa i te wā. I taua wā, ko ngā paerewa tiwhikete waro iti me ngā paerewa kaute waro rerekē puta noa i ngā whenua ka piki ake ngā utu tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hokohoko whakawhiti-rohe. E matapaetia ana e ngā umanga ka rēhita te etanoru ahumahi o te ao i te tere tipu ā-tau toharite o te 2.5% mai i te tau 2026 ki te 2035, ka eke ki te 165.18 piriona rita i te tau 2035. Ko te whakawhiti matomato me te whanaketanga hua kounga teitei ka noho hei kaupapa matua o te whakataetae umanga. Ko ngā kaihanga he putunga rauemi mata pumau me ngā tiwhikete waro iti kua oti te whiwhi ka whiwhi i ngā whai wāhitanga nui ake ki te mākete ki tāwāhi.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-16-2026