I roto i te mekameka umanga warowaihā kakara, tata kore rawa he hokohoko tika o ngā hua kakara i waenga i a Haina me te Hononga o Amerika. Heoi, he nui te wāhanga o ana hua kakara e kawemai ana a Amerika mai i Āhia, ā, ko ngā kaiwhakarato Āhia te 40–55% o ngā kawemai a Amerika o te benzene, te paraxylene (PX), te toluene, me ngā xylene whakauru. Ka tātarihia ngā pānga matua i raro nei:
Benzene
He nui te whakawhirinaki o Haina ki te benzene mai i ngā kawemai, ko Kōrea ki te Tonga te kaiwhakarato matua. He kaihoko benzene kupenga a Haina me te US, kāore he hokohoko tika i waenganui i a rāua, e whakaiti ana i te pānga tika o ngā taripa ki te mākete benzene o Haina. I te tau 2024, ko ngā tuku a Kōrea ki te Tonga te 46% o ngā kawemai benzene o Amerika. E ai ki ngā raraunga tikanga a Kōrea ki te Tonga, neke atu i te 600,000 tāne metrika o te benzene i kaweake e Kōrea ki te Tonga ki te US i te tau 2024. Heoi, mai i te hauwhā tuawhā o te tau 2023, ka kati te matapihi whakatau tata i waenganui i a Kōrea ki te Tonga me te US, ka huri i ngā rerenga benzene o Kōrea ki te Tonga ki Haina—te kaihoko benzene nui rawa atu o Āhia me te mākete utu nui—ka nui ake te pēhanga kawemai a Haina. Mena ka tukuna ngā taripa o Amerika me te kore he whakawāteatanga mō te benzene kei roto i te hinu, ka neke pea ngā tuku o te ao i ahu mai i te US ki Haina, ka mau tonu te nui o ngā kawemai. I raro iho, ko ngā kaweake o ngā hua i ahu mai i te benzene (hei tauira, ngā taputapu whare, ngā kakahu) ka pāngia pea e ngā urupare kino nā te pikinga o ngā taripa.
Toluene
Kua piki haere tonu ngā kaweake toluene a Haina i ngā tau tata nei, ko te nuinga o te wā ko Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti me Īnia, me te iti o te hokohoko tika ki te US. Heoi, he nui ngā rahinga toluene e kawemai ana a te US mai i Āhia, tae atu ki te 230,000 tana mita mai i Kōrea ki te Tonga i te tau 2024 (57% o ngā kawemai toluene katoa a te US). Ka taea e ngā tariffs a te US te whakararuraru i ngā kaweake toluene a Kōrea ki te Tonga ki te US, ka nui ake te tuku ki Āhia, ka kaha ake te whakataetae i ngā mākete pēnei i a Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti me Īnia, ka pēhi pea i te wāhanga kaweake a Haina.
Ngā Xylene
Kei te noho tonu a Haina hei whenua kawemai kupenga o ngā xylene whakauru, kāore he hokohoko tika ki te US. He nui ngā xylene e kawemai ana te US, ko te nuinga mai i Kōrea ki te Tonga (57% o ngā kawemai a te US i raro i te waehere HS 27073000). Heoi, kei roto tēnei hua i te rārangi whakakorenga tariff a te US, e whakaiti ana i te pānga ki ngā mahi arbitrage i waenganui i a Āhia me te US.
Styrene
He whenua kaweake styrene o te ao a Amerika, e tuku ana i te nuinga ki Mexico, Amerika ki te Tonga, me Ūropi, me te iti noa o ngā kawemai (210,000 tāne mita i te tau 2024, tata katoa mai i Kanata). He nui rawa te tukunga o te mākete styrene o Haina, ā, kua roa ngā kaupapa here ārai-tuku e aukati ana i te hokohoko styrene o Amerika-Haina. Heoi, kei te whakamahere te US ki te whakatakoto i te 25% taripa ki runga i te benzene o Kōrea ki te Tonga, ka piki ake pea te tuku styrene o Āhia. I taua wā, ko ngā kaweake taputapu kāinga o Haina e whakawhirinaki ana ki te styrene (hei tauira, ngā hauhautanga, ngā pouaka whakamātao) e anga atu ana ki ngā taripa o Amerika e piki haere ana (tae atu ki te ~80%), ka tino pā ki tēnei rāngai. Nō reira, ko ngā taripa o Amerika ka pā nui ki te umanga styrene o Haina mā te pikinga o ngā utu me te ngoikore o te tono i raro iho.
Paraxylene (PX)
Kāore rawa he PX e kaweakehia ana e Haina, ā, he nui te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai mai i Kōrea ki te Tonga, Hapani, me Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, kāore he hokohoko tika a te US. I te tau 2024, i tukuna e Kōrea ki te Tonga te 22.5% o ngā kawemai PX a te US (300,000 tāne mita, 6% o ngā kaweake katoa a Kōrea ki te Tonga). Tērā pea ka whakaitihia e ngā tariffs a te US ngā rerenga PX a Kōrea ki te Tonga ki te US, engari ahakoa ka tukuna anō ki Haina, he iti noa te pānga o te rahinga. I te nuinga, ka iti noa te pānga o ngā tariffs a te US-Haina ki te tuku PX engari ka taea te pēhi ā-kore i ngā kaweake kakahu me ngā kakahu i raro iho.
Ko ngā "taripa tauutuutu" o Amerika ka huri i ngā rere hokohoko o te ao mō ngā warowaihā kakara, kaua e whakararuraru tika i te hokohoko Haina-Amerika. Ko ngā mōrearea matua ko te nui rawa o te tuku i ngā mākete Āhia, te whakataetae kaha ake mō ngā wāhi kaweake, me te pēhanga o raro mai i ngā taripa teitei ake mō ngā taonga kua oti (hei tauira, ngā taputapu, ngā kakahu). Me whakatere te umanga kakara o Haina i ngā mekameka tuku kua hurihia, me te urutau ki ngā tauira tono o te ao e neke haere ana.
Wā tuku: 17 Paenga-whāwhā 2025