I te atatu o te 15 o Hakihea, i te wā o Beijing, i panuitia e te Federal Reserve te whakapiki ake i ngā reiti huamoni mā te 50 ngā pūtake, i whakapikihia te awhe reiti pūtea ā-motu ki te 4.25% - 4.50%, te teitei rawa atu mai i te Pipiri 2006. Hei tāpiri, e matapaetia ana e te Fed ka eke te reiti pūtea ā-motu ki te 5.1 ōrau i te tau e tū mai nei, me te matapae ka heke ngā reiti ki te 4.1 ōrau i te mutunga o te tau 2024 me te 3.1 ōrau i te mutunga o te tau 2025.
E whitu ngā wā kua whakapiki ake te Fed i ngā reiti huamoni mai i te tau 2022, arā, 425 ngā pūtake katoa, ā, kei te taumata teitei rawa te reiti tahua Fed i roto i ngā tau 15. Ko ngā pikinga reiti e ono o mua ko te 25 ngā pūtake i te 17 o Poutū-te-rangi, 2022; I te 5 o Mei, i whakapiki ake i ngā reiti mā te 50 ngā pūtake; I te 16 o Hune, i whakapiki ake i ngā reiti mā te 75 ngā pūtake; I te 28 o Hūrae, i whakapiki ake i ngā reiti mā te 75 ngā pūtake; I te 22 o Hepetema, i te wā o Beijing, i piki ake te reiti huamoni mā te 75 ngā pūtake. I te 3 o Noema i whakapiki ake i ngā reiti mā te 75 ngā pūtake.
Mai i te pakarutanga mai o te mate korona hou i te tau 2020, he maha ngā whenua, tae atu ki te US, kua huri ki te "wai kore utu" hei whakatau i te pānga o te mate urutā. Nō reira, kua pai ake te ōhanga, engari kua piki ake te pikinga utu. E ai ki te Bank of America, kua whakapiki ake ngā peeke matua o te ao i ngā reiti huamoni tata ki te 275 ngā wā i tēnei tau, ā, neke atu i te 50 kua neke ake i te 75 ngā pūtake i tēnei tau, me ētahi e whai ana i te ara o te Fed me ngā pikinga kaha maha.
Ka tata ki te 15% te hekenga o te uara o te RMB, ā, ka nui ake te uaua o ngā kawemai matū.
I whakamahia e te Federal Reserve te tāra hei moni o te ao, ā, i whakapiki ake i ngā reiti huamoni. Mai i te tīmatanga o te tau 2022, kua kaha haere tonu te tāra, me te pikinga o te 19.4% i roto i taua wā. I te mea ko te US Federal Reserve te kaiārahi i te whakapiki kaha i ngā reiti huamoni, he maha ngā whenua whakawhanake e pāngia ana e ngā pēhanga nui pēnei i te hekenga o ā rātou moni ki te tāra US, te rere o te whakapaipai, te pikinga o ngā utu putea me te ratonga nama, te pikinga o ngā utu kawemai, me te koretake o ngā mākete taonga, ā, kei te piki haere te pouri o te mākete mō ō rātou tūmanakohanga ōhanga.
Nā te pikinga o te reiti huamoni o te tāra US kua hoki mai te tāra US, kua piki te uara o te tāra US, kua heke te uara o te moni o ētahi atu whenua, ā, kāore te RMB e waiho hei tūāpapa. Mai i te tīmatanga o tēnei tau, kua tino heke te uara o te RMB, ā, kua tata ki te 15% te hekenga o te uara o te RMB i te wā i iti iho ai te uara whakawhiti RMB ki te tāra US.
E ai ki ngā wheako o mua, i muri i te hekenga o te uara o te RMB, ka pāngia ngā ahumahi hinu me te matū hinu, ngā konganuku kore-ferrous, ngā whenua me ētahi atu ahumahi e te hekenga wā poto. E ai ki te Manatū Ahumahi me te Hangarau Mōhiohio, 32% o ngā momo o te whenua kei te takoto kau tonu, ā, 52% kei te whakawhirinaki tonu ki ngā kawemai. Pērā i ngā matū hiko kounga teitei, ngā rauemi mahi kounga teitei, te polyolefin kounga teitei, me ētahi atu, he uaua ki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te ōhanga me te oranga o te tangata.
I te tau 2021, neke atu i te 40 miriona tana te nui o ngā matū kawemai i tōku whenua, ā, ko te whakawhirinakitanga ki te pāhare pākawa waro i tae ki te 57.5%, ko te whakawhirinakitanga o waho o MMA i neke atu i te 60%, ā, neke atu i te 10 miriona tana ngā rauemi mata matū pēnei i te PX me te methanol i te tau 2021.
I roto i te ao paninga, he maha ngā rauemi mata e tīpakohia ana mai i ngā hua o tāwāhi. Hei tauira, ko Disman i roto i te umanga kapia epoxy, ko Mitsubishi me Sanyi i roto i te umanga whakarewa; ko BASF, Japanese Flower Poster i roto i te umanga pahuka; ko Sika me Visber i roto i te umanga rongoā; ko DuPont me 3M i roto i te umanga whakamakuku; ko Wak, ko Ronia, ko Dexian; ko Komu, ko Hunsmai, ko Connoos i roto i te umanga māwhero titanium; ko Bayer me Langson i roto i te umanga tae.
Ko te hekenga o te uara o te RMB ka piki ake te utu o ngā rauemi matū kawemai, ā, ka whakaiti i te hua o ngā umanga i roto i ngā ahumahi maha. I te wā e piki haere ana te utu o ngā kawemai, kei te piki haere hoki ngā āwangawanga o te mate urutā, ā, he uaua ake te tiki i ngā rauemi mata kounga teitei o ngā kawemai kawemai.
Kāore i te tino pai te ahua o ngā umanga kaweake, ā, kāore hoki i te kaha te whakataetae i te taha o te iwi.
He tokomaha te hunga e whakapono ana ko te hekenga o te moni he mea āwhina ki te whakaoho i ngā kaweake, he rongo pai tēnei mō ngā kamupene kaweake. Ko ngā taonga e utua ana ki te tāra US, pērā i te hinu me te pīni soya, ka "whakapiki mārire" i ngā utu, ā, ka piki ake ngā utu whakaputa o te ao. Nā te mea he uara te tāra US, ka ahua iti ake te utu o ngā kaweake rauemi e rite ana, ā, ka piki ake te rahinga kaweake. Engari ko te mea pono, i puta mai i tēnei ngaru o te pikinga o ngā reiti huamoni o te ao te hekenga o ngā moni maha.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga kāore anō kia oti, e 36 ngā momo moni o te ao kua heke te uara i te iti rawa i te kotahi-tekau, ā, ko te lira Turkish kua heke te uara i te 95%. Kua eke te Vietnamese Shield, te Thai baht, te Philippine Peso, me ngā Korean Monsters ki tētahi taumata iti hou i roto i ngā tau maha. Ko te pikinga o te RMB i runga i te moni ehara i te tāra US, ko te hekenga o te renminbi he mea whakarite noa iho ki te tāra US. Mai i te tirohanga a te yen, te euro, me ngā pauna Peretānia, ko te yuan tonu te "pikinga". Mō ngā whenua e aro ana ki te kaweake pērā i a Kōrea ki te Tonga me Hapani, ko te hekenga o te uara o te moni ko ngā painga o ngā kaweake, ā, ko te hekenga o te uara o te renminbi he mārama kāore i te whakataetae pērā i ēnei moni, ā, kāore i te nui ngā painga i puta.
Kua tohu ngā kaipūtaiao ōhanga ko te āwangawanga o te ao mō te whakawhāiti i ngā moni kei roto i te kaupapa here whakapiki tere a te Fed. Ka pā te whakawhāiti tonu o te kaupapa here pūtea a te Fed ki te ao whānui, ka pā ki te ōhanga o te ao. Nō reira, ka pā kino ētahi ōhanga e puta ake ana pērā i te rere o ngā whakapaipai, te pikinga o ngā utu kawemai, me te hekenga o te moni i roto i tō rātou whenua, ā, kua panaia te tūponotanga o te kore utu nama nui me te nama nui o ngā ōhanga e puta ake ana. I te mutunga o te tau 2022, ka pāngia pea te hokohoko kawemai me te kaweake ā-rohe e tēnei pikinga reiti huamoni, ā, ka pā nui te pānga ki te umanga matū. Mēnā ka taea te whakakore i te tau 2023, ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā mahi noa o ngā ōhanga maha o te ao, kaua ki te mahi takitahi.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-20-2022